mindmap root((玩笑)) jest applies to any utterance not seriously intended, whether sarcastic, ironic, witty, or merely playful: wry ~s that were lost on her unsophisticated friends. (witty犀利: 思维聪颖语言锐利suggests cleverness and quickness of mind and often a cutting, caustic tongue，如a film critic remembered for his witty remark一个语言犀利的影评人) joke may apply to an act intended to fool or deceive someone, or to a story or remark designed to promote good humor: he is very good at taking a ~. quip suggests a quick, neatly turned, witty remark: whatever the topic, she is ready with a quick ~. witticism implies a clever and often biting and ironic remark: many felt the sting of that critic's ~s. (注意是witticism不要写成wittism) wisecrack suggests a sophisticated, knowing witticism and may suggest flippancy or unfeelingness: a comic known for abrasive ~s. （sophisticated两个意思1世故见识广 2复杂，这里采用1） (flippancy不严肃,轻佻，如spoke of the bombing with annoying flippancy说到轰炸时显得轻佻无礼) abrasive 刮擦的伤人的 crack implies a sharp, witty, often sarcastic remark or retort: responded to the challenge with a series of biting ~s. gag implies a brief, laughter-provoking, foolish remark or act: a frivolous person, given to ~s.